Hydro Cyclone Test Rig

FUNCTION PRINCIPLE

Function Principle of a Laboratory Hydrocyclone

A hydrocyclone is a device used for the classification, separation, and concentration of particles in a fluid suspension. It is widely utilized in various industries, including mining, mineral processing, and laboratory applications, due to its efficiency and simplicity. The laboratory hydrocyclone operates on the principle of centrifugal force to achieve separation of particles based on size, shape, and density.

Working Principle:

1. Feed Introduction:
   • A slurry containing a mixture of solid particles and liquid is pumped into the hydrocyclone at high pressure through a tangential inlet.
   • The tangential entry causes the slurry to spin and create a vortex inside the cylindrical section of the hydrocyclone.
2. Centrifugal Force Generation:
   • As the slurry spins, centrifugal forces are generated, which act outwardly on the particles within the slurry.
   • The centrifugal force is proportional to the mass of the particles, so larger and denser particles experience a greater force than smaller and lighter particles.
3. Separation Process:
   • Due to the centrifugal force, the larger and denser particles are pushed towards the outer wall of the hydrocyclone and move downwards towards the underflow outlet.
   • The finer and lighter particles are carried by the fluid towards the center of the hydrocyclone and move upwards to the overflow outlet.
4. Particle Collection:
   • The separated coarse particles are discharged through the underflow outlet at the bottom of the hydrocyclone.
   • The finer particles and the majority of the fluid are discharged through the overflow outlet at the top of the hydrocyclone.

Key Components:

• Feed Inlet: Where the slurry enters the hydrocyclone tangentially, initiating the vortex motion.
• Cylindrical Body: The main body of the hydrocyclone where initial separation occurs.
• Conical Section: Where the separation is enhanced as the diameter decreases, increasing the centrifugal force on the particles.
• Vortex Finder: A pipe extending into the cylindrical section that directs the lighter particles and fluid to the overflow outlet.
• Underflow Outlet: Located at the bottom, it discharges the concentrated coarse particles.
• Overflow Outlet: Located at the top, it discharges the separated fluid and fine particles.

Factors Affecting Performance:

• Feed Pressure: Higher pressure increases the centrifugal force, improving separation efficiency.
• Particle Size and Density: Larger and denser particles are separated more effectively due to greater centrifugal forces acting on them.
• Flow Rate: The rate at which slurry is fed into the hydrocyclone can impact the separation efficiency. Optimal flow rates ensure better classification.
• Hydrocyclone Design: The size, shape, and dimensions of the hydrocyclone affect the separation process. Custom designs can be used for specific applications.