Laboratory Sampling Equipment for Iron Ore

Sampling is the critical first step in any mineral analysis process. In the case of iron ore, accurate and representative sampling is essential to ensure reliability in metallurgical testing, resource estimation, and quality control. Choosing the right laboratory sampling equipment is therefore fundamental for reliable results and operational efficiency.

1. Understand the Purpose of Sampling

• Chemical analysis (e.g., Fe, SiO₂, Al₂O₃ content)
• Size distribution and mineralogical characterization
• Moisture determination
• Sintering and pelletizing tests

2. Know Your Sample Type

1. Jaw Crusher :

• Purpose: Primary size reduction of lump or coarse samples
• Why needed: To break down ore to manageable sizes for further processing
• Key features: Hardened steel jaws, adjustable opening size

1. Roll Crusher or Pulverizer:

• Purpose: Further reduce sample size to below 2 mm or even down to 75 microns
• Best for: Preparing samples for chemical assay (XRF, AAS)
• Important: Choose units with minimal contamination risk

1. Riffle Splitter or Rotary Sample Divider:

• Purpose: Obtain representative subsamples from bulk samples
• Consider:
• For dry samples: Rotary splitters offer higher accuracy than riffle splitters
• Ensure feed size and capacity match your lab’s throughput

1. D. Coning and Quartering Apparatus:

•   Traditional method for manual sample division
•    Use when: Automated splitters are unavailable

1. E. Moisture Content Sampler (e.g., Moisture Oven or Infrared Dryer):

•   Why: Iron ore fines and concentrates hold significant moisture
• What to look for: Rapid drying, consistent temperature control

1. Sample Storage Containers:

• Use air-tight, labeled, and contamination-free containers
• Prefer materials like stainless steel or polyethylene

4. Consider Sample Mass and Reduction Steps

Follow international standards like ISO 3082 and ASTM E877 to determine how much material should be sampled and how it should be reduced. For example:

• Initial sample: 10–50 kg (depending on lot size)
• Final lab analysis sample: 100–200 grams
• Always document every reduction step

5. Automation vs Manual Handling

Automated systems such as auto-samplers and robotic splitters improve precision and reduce human error but may be costly. For smaller labs, manual crushers and splitters with strict protocols can be cost-effective and adequate.

6. Maintain Sample Integrity

• Prevent moisture loss and oxidation
• Clean equipment regularly to avoid cross-contamination
• Use anti-static agents or inert environments for ultra-fine materials

7. Ensure Compliance with Standards

Make sure your sampling setup complies with relevant industry standards:

• ISO 3082 – Iron ores — Sampling and sample preparation
• ASTM E877 – Practice for sampling and sample preparation of iron ores
• ISO 10247 – Physical testing of iron ore